WHAT IS A HEALTHCARE INSURANCE EXCHANGE AND HOW DOES IT FIT IN U.S. HEALTHCARE REFORM? By Kathy Darling Kathleen Sebelius, the new Secretary of Health and Human Services, told the House Ways and Means Committee in testimony presented on May 6, 2009 that a health insurance Exchange ("Exchange"), if constructed correctly, could provide the basic format for providing health care to all Americans. So what is an Exchange, how does it work, and could it really transform health care in America? Foremost, an Exchange is not just one thing. Think of a huge outdoor marketplace—sort of like the Pike Place Fish Market in Seattle--in which each of the vendors sells its wares to the public. The market (or Exchange) will have all of its own rules and the vendors (providers of health insurance) decide whether or not to set up shop there. In addition, the market may develop a shop of its own on site at which it sells its own products. The market can decide which vendors will be included in the market, the types of products sold by the vendors, the size and content of the vendors’ stands, the times the market is open, and the market can regulate methods used by the vendors to sell their products. In broad terms, that is the same structure a federal health insurance Exchange could take. The health insurance Exchange could potentially offer all of the health insurance products an American would need at that one location. The array of forms the Exchange can take, the products it can offer, and the level of federal regulation which may be applied are really awe-inspiring. As a starting point, the goals to be addressed by an Exchange may include the following: 1. Transparency. Provide transparency to purchasers of health insurance so that individuals or employers may make informed decisions regarding coverage and cost. 2. Universal Enrollment or Access. Ensure coverage for everyone. There should be no uninsured care after health care reform is implemented. 3. Affordability. Subsidize the cost of health insurance for low- and modest-income Americans so that everyone can afford health insurance. 4. Risk Spreading. Spread the risk so that even the sickest patients can be covered. 5. Cost Containment. Reduce health care costs through value based purchasing and reduced administrative costs. 6. Portability. Maintain health coverage through job changes, periods of unemployment, retirement. 7. Data Collection and Patient Interaction through Health Insurance IT. The Exchange could coordinate health care IT relative to electronic health records (EHR), data collection and data sharing, uniform interoperability formats and formulae, web based portals for patient connectivity.